Proceedings of the Survey Research Methods Section, American Statistical Association (1996)

Invited Papers by Topic

1. After the Revolution: Improving the Use of Cognitive Methods in Survey Research
Chair/Organizer: N. Clyde Tucker, U.S Bureau of Labor Statistics

From Impressions to Data: Increasing the Objectivity of Cognitive Interviews - Frederick Conrad and Johnny Blair ............... 1

Conducting Cognitive Interviews to Test Self-Administered and Telephone Surveys: Which Methods Should We Use? - Susan Schechter, Johnny Blair, and Janet Vande Hey ............... 10

Forgetting and Encoding as Sources of Error in a Study of Child Vaccination - Roger Tourangeau, Lisa Lee, Angela Brittingham, Gordon Willis, Pamela Ching, and Steven Black ............... 18

 

2. Survey Analysis in the Presence of Imputed Data
Chair/Organizer: Fritz Scheuren, George Washington University

The NHANES III Multiple Imputation Project - J. L. Schafer, T. M. Ezzati-Rice, W. Johnson, M. Khare, R. J. A. Little, and D. B. Rubin ............... 28

Discussion - Charles H. Alexander ............... 38

 

3. Metadata, The Last Dimension of Survey Research
Organizer: Cathryn S. Dippo, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Chair: Martin V. Appel, U.S. Bureau of the Census

In Search of Data Integration: No Matches Found - Gordon E. Priest ............... 40

Metadata: A Quality Element in Official Statistics - the Swedish Approach - Bo Sundgren and Pat Dean ............... 45

Statistical Metadata Management: A Standards Based Approach - Daniel W. Gillman, Martin V. Appel, and William P. LaPlant, Jr. ............... 55

Discussion - Raymond B. Fagan ............... 65

 

4. Sampling the Gay Population for Research Purposes
Organizer:
David Wypij, Harvard School of Public Health
Chair: Arthur B. Kennickell, Federal Reserve Board

Sampling Men Who Have Sex with Men: Strategies for a Telephone Survey in Urban Areas in the United States - D. Binson, J. Moskowitz, T. Mills, K. Anderson, J. Paul, R. Stall, and J. Catania ............... 68

 

 

5. Methods Used in Generalized Systems for Survey Processing
Chair/Organizer: David A. Binder, Statistics Canada

Methods Used in Sampling and Estimation at Statistics Canada - M. A. Hidiroglou, R. Carpenter, and V. Estevao ............... 73

Editing Economic Data - John Kovar and William E. Winkler ............... 81

Imputing Numeric and Qualitative Variables Simultaneously - Michael Bankier, Manchi Luc, Christian Nadeau, and Pat Newcombe ............... 90

 

6. Time Series Analysis - Topic in Seasonality and Cointegration
Chair/Organizer: Stuart Scott, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

On a Family of Moving-Average Trend Filters for the Ends of Series - Alistair Gray and Peter Thomson ............... 100

Transmission of Producer Prices Through Stages of Processing - Tae-Hwy Lee and Stuart Scott ............... 110

 

7. Composite-Type Weighting and Estimation in Repeated Surveys
Chair/Organizer: Jack G. Gambino, Statistics Canada

Combining Information in Survey Sampling by Modified Regression - Avinash C. Singh ............... 120

Effect of Composite Weights on Some Estimates From the Current Population Survey - Janice Lent, Stephen M. Miller, and PatrickJ. Cantwell ............... 130

Discussion - J. N. K Rao ............... 140

 

8. New Directions in Computer-Assisted Telephone Interviewing (CATI)
Chair/Organizer: Mick P. Couper, Joint Program in Survey Methods

Outcomes of a Calling Protocol in a Telephone Survey - J. Michael Brick, Bruce Allen, Pat Cunningham, and David Maklan ............... 142

Quality Control of CATI Operations in Statistics Canada - Walter Mudryk, M. Jane Burgess, and Peter Xiao ............... 150

 

Contributed Papers by Topic

1. Improving Data Quality: Editing and Other Techniques
Chair: Benjamin F. King, Jr., Florida Atlantic University

The Graphical Editing Analysis Query System - Paula Weir, Robert Emery, and John Walker ............... 160

Statistical Methods for Developing Ratio Edit Tolerances for Economic Censuses - Katherine Jenny Thompson, and Richard S. Sigman ............... 166

Data Editing at the National Center for Health Statistics - Kenneth W. Harris ............... 172

Using Control Charts in Surveys - Weimin Sun ............... 178

Non-Sampling Errors in Data Abstraction From Administrative Records - Paul B. McMahon ............... 184

Discussion - Dale Atkinson ............... 190

 

2. Variance Estimation
Chair: Kirk M. Wolter, National Opinion Research Center

Estimating the Sampling Variance for Alternative Forms of the U. S. Consumer Price Index - Robert M. Baskin and Sylvia G. Leaver ............... 192

Selected Semi-Variance Estimators of Underreporting Nonfarm Sole Proprietor Income - Chih-Chin Ho and William Chen ............... 198

Comparison of Two Variance-Estimation Methods for a Standardized Economic Processing System - Antoinette Tremblay and Richard S. Sigman ............... 204

Jackknife Variance Estimation Under Two-Phase Sampling: An Empirical Investigation - Diana M. Stukel and Phillip S. Kott ............... 209

Replicate Weighting Methods for Quantile Variance Estimation - Kevin W. Dodd, Alicia L. Carriquiry, and Wayne A, Fuller ............... 215

 

3. Methods for Sample Size Determination and Allocation
Chair: Michael A. Hidiroglou, Statistics Canada

Sample Size Requirements and Their Relationship to the Parameterization of the Planned Hypothesis Test - James R. Chromy ............... 221

Sample Allocation and Selection Methods for Oversampling Subpopulations - K. P. Srinath ............... 226

Optimal Sample Sizes for Alternative Loss Functions - Dhiren Ghosh and Andrew Vogt ............... 232

Methods to Meet Target Sample Sizes Under a Multivariate PPS Sampling Strategy - Susan Hicks, John Amrhein, and Phil Kott ............... 234

Commodities and Services Sample Redesign for the 1998 Consumer Price Index Revision - Sylvia G. Leaver, William H. Johnson, Robert Baskin, Samuel Scarlett, and Robert Morse ............... 239

 

4. Sources of Nonsampling Error: Questionnaires and Respondents
Chair: Judith M. Tanur, State University of New York, Stony Brook

Relationships Between Cognitive Psychology and Survey Research - Monroe Sirken and Douglas Herrmann ............... 245

New Approaches in the Development of Forms for the 1996 Population Census in New Zealand - Kim Saffron ............... 250

Proxies for Youths and Adults: Communication and Reports of Job Search - Brian A. Kojetin and Judith M. Tanur ............... 254

Discussion - Seymour Sudman ............... 260

 

5. The Applicability of Diagnostic Tests Methodology in Medicine, Survey Research and Law
Chair/Organizer: Marlos A. G. Viana, University of Illinois, Chicago

Estimates of the Errors in Classification in the Labor Force Survey and Their Effect on the Reported Unemployment Rate - Joseph L. Gastwirth and Michael D. Sinclair ............... 263

A Re-Analysis of the University of Chicago Judge-Jury Agreement Study - Joseph L. Gastwirth and Michael D. Sinclair ............... 269

An Investigation of Latent Class Models for Evaluating Census Coverage Error - Paul Biemer, James Treat, Henry Woltman, and Ann Vacca ............... 275

 

6. Imputation
Chair: Graham Kalton, Westat, Inc.

Frequency Valid Multiple Imputation for Surveys With a Complex Design - David A. Binder and Weimin Sun ............... 281

Evaluation of Proc Impute and Schafer's Imputation Software - Mingxiu Hu, Sameena Salvucci, Stanley Weng, and Michael P. Cohen ............... 287

A New Approach to Imputation - Michael P. Cohen ............... 293

Comparison and Evaluation of Alternative ICM Imputation Methods - Suzanne M. Dorinski, Rita J. Petroni, Michael Ikeda, and Rajendra P. Singh ............... 299

Compensating for Missing Wave Data in the Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) - Todd R. Williams and Leroy Bailey ............... 305

Discussion - John L. Eltinge ............... 311

 

7. Small Area Estimation
Chair: Wesley L. Schaible, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics

Current Population Survey Small Area Estimation for Congressional Districts - Richard Griffiths ............... 314

Two-Phase Regression Estimation for Policy Analysis Using Computer Simulation Experiments - H. Martin Axelson, F. Jay Breidt, and Alicia L. Carriquiry ............... 320

Small Area Estimates of Overweight Prevalence Using the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) - Donald Malec, William Davis, and Xin Cao ............... 326

 

8. Design and Analysis of a Record Check Study of Childhood Immunization
Organizer: J. Michael Brick, Westat, Inc.
Chair: James T. Massey, National Center for Health Statistics

Overview of the National Immunization Provider Record Check Study - Rebecca R. Peak and Diane M. Cadell ............... 332

Improving the Assessment of Vaccination Coverage Rates With the Use of Both Household and Medical Provider Data - Trena M. Ezzati-Rice, Elizabeth R. Zell, James T. Massey, and Mary Gessley Nixon ............... 335

Response Errors Associated with Household Reports of Immunizations Analysis of Subgroup Differences - Elizabeth R. Zell, Trena M. Ezzati-Rice, James T. Massey, and J. Michael Brick ............... 341

Variance Estimation With Missing Best Values in the NIPRCS - Mary Gessley Nixon, Graham Kalton, J. Michael Brick, Trena Ezzati-Rice, and Elizabeth R. Zell ............... 347

 

9. Sampling Frames
Chair: David Morganstein, Westat, Inc.

Should Firms be Used as Sampling Units for Selecting Establishments for the 1997 National Employer Health Insurance Survey? - David W. Chapman, Christopher L. Moriarity, and John Sommers ............... 353

Predicting Births in the Current Employment Statistics Survey - Steve Woodruff ............... 359

Maintaining the Sampling Frames for Demographic Surveys - Kathleen M. Walsh and Jon Clark ............... 363

Discussion - Ron Fecso ............... 369

 

10. Census 2000: Statistical Methodology Research
Organizer: Mary H. Mulry, U.S. Bureau of the Census
Chair: John H. Thompson, U.S. Bureau of the Census

Effect of Sampling for Nonresponse Follow-Up on Estimates From Sample Data - Eric Schindler and Alfredo Navarro ............... 371

Census 2000 Sample Weighting - Miriam D. Rosenthal, Eric Schindler, and Alfredo Navarro ............... 377

A Comparison of Imputation Methods for Sampling for Nonresponse Follow-Up - Jim Farber ............... 383

The 1996 Integrated Coverage Measurement Test - David C. Whitford ............... 389

 

11. Issues in Sample Design
Chair: Easley Hoy, U.S. Bureau of the Census

Effective Stratification With Few Strata and Other Sample Design Issues in a Child Care Survey - Gary M. Shapiro ............... 394

Sampling Design Issues When Dealing With Zeros - Benjamin King ............... 400

Eliminating Rotating Panels in the Census Bureau's Surveys of Retail and Wholesale Trade - Patrick J. Cantwell and Carol V. Caldwell ............... 406

The Redesign of the Agricultural Land Values Survey - Ron Fecso ............... 412

 

12. Design and Estimation in School-Based Surveys
Organizer: Daniel Kasprzyk, National Center for Education Statistics
Chair: Marilyn M. McMillen, National Center for Education Statistics

Optimal Periodicity of a Survey: Extensions of Probable-Error Models - Wray Smith, Dhiren Ghosh, and Michael Chang ............... 417

Estimating the Variance in the Presence of Imputation Using a Residual - Steven Kaufman ............... 423

Where Will it all End? Some Alternative SASS Estimation Research Opportunities - Steven Kaufman and Fritz Scheuren ............... 429

Estimating State Totals From the Private School Universe Survey - Easley Hoy, Beverley Causey, Leroy Bailey, and Steven Kaufman ............... 434

 

13. Measurement Error in Surveys
Chair: Paul P. Biemer, Research Triangle Institute

Using Range Techniques With CAPI in the 1995 Survey of Consumer Finances - Arthur B. Kennickell ............... 440

Restoration of Data With Rounding and Bounding Errors - Jiahe Qian ............... 446

Substantial Response Bias May Remain When Records are Used in a Telephone Survey - Michael P. Battaglia, Gary Shapiro, and Elizabeth R. Zell ............... 452

Effects of Verification and Imperfect Reference Standard Biases on the Estimated Prevalence Rate - Xiao-Hua Zhou ............... 456

 

14. Methods for Analyzing Categorical Survey Data
Chair: Patrick Cantwell, U.S. Bureau of the Census

Application of Logistic Models to Survey Data Using Replication Techniques - Leyla Mohadjer, Ibrahim Yansaneh, and J. Michael Brick ............... 462

Logistic Regression Models for Analysis of Multistage Survey Data - Hongjian Yu and William G. Cumberland ............... 468

Key Driver Analysis Using Latent Class Regression - Steven M. LaLonde ............... 474

Methods in Analysing Data From a Physician Attitude Survey - T. To, M. Agha, S. P. Pinfold, H. A. Llewellyn-Thomas, C. Sawka, and A. M. O'Connor ............... 479

 

15. Issues in RDD Surveys
Chair: Murray Edelman, Voter News Service

Optimum Calling Patterns for Random Digit Dialed Telephone Surveys - James T. Massey, Charles Wolter, Siu Chong Wan, and Karen Liu ............... 485

Geographical Variation in Within-Household Coverage of Households With Telephones in an RDD Survey - Gary M. Shapiro, Michael P. Battaglia, David C. Hoaglin, Paul Buckley, and James T. Massey ............... 491

A Comparison of Two Methods of Adjusting for Noncoverage of Nontelephone Households in a Telephone Survey - David C. Hoaglin and Michael P. Battaglia ............... 497

Estimating Coverage Bias in RDD Samples With Current Population Survey Data - Lee H. Giesbrecht, Dale W. Kulp, and Amy W. Starer ............... 503

An Investigation of Nonavailability Bias in Rental Cost Surveys - Douglas Willson and Greg Mahnke ............... 509

Telephone Coverage, Housing Quality, and Rents: RDD Survey Biases - Alan Fox and Joseph P. Riley ............... 515

 

16. Issues in Survey and Census Coverage
Chair: Ruth Ann Killion, U.S. Bureau of the Census

Dwelling Coverage in the Canadian Census - The 1996 Dwelling Coverage Study - Craig Brown and Peter Dick ............... 520

Household Attachment and Survey Coverage - Elizabeth Martin ............... 526

A Detailed Look at Coverage in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III, 1988-1994) - Jill M. Montaquila, Leyla Mohadjer, Joseph Waksberg, and Meena Khare ............... 532

Estimating a Population Roster From an Incomplete Census Using Mailback Questionnaires, Administrative Records, and Sampled Nonresponse Followup - Elaine Zanutto and Alan M. Zaslavsky ............... 538

The 1996 Automated Match Study - Michael Mayda and Claude Julien ............... 544

Discussion - Gary M. Shapiro ............... 549

 

17. 1995 Census Test Sampling and Estimation Methodology
Organizer: Rajendra P. Singh, U.S. Bureau of the Census
Chair: Charles H. Alexander, U.S. Bureau of the Census

Nonresponse Followup: Unit vs. Block Sampling - Alfredo Navarro, James Treat, and Mary Mulry ............... 551

A Block Based Nonresponse Followup Survey Design - Julie H. Tsay, Cary T. Isaki, and Wayne A. Fuller ............... 557

Handling of Missing Data in the 1995 Integrated Coverage Measurement Sample - Michael Ikeda and Rita Petroni ............... 563

Handling Noninterviews to Provide Equitable Comparisons of ICM Estimates - Rita Petroni, Anne Kearney, and Philip Gbur ............... 569

 

18. Weighting and Estimation
Chair: David W. Chapman, Klemm Analysis Group

The Creation and Evaluation of Longitudinal Nonresponse Cells for the 1996 Survey of Income and Program Participation - Mark R. Hendrick ............... 575

Extrapolating on Day Returned to Adjust for Mail Survey Nonresponse - Charles Proctor ............... 579

A Comparison of Raking and Poststratification Using 1994 NAEP Data - Leslie Wallace and Keith Rust ............... 584

Agricultural Labor Estimation Using Only List-Frame Sampling - Floyd M. Spears, Raj S. Chhikara, Charles R. Perry, William C. Iwig, and Susan Cowles ............... 590

Weighted Multiple Regression Estimation for Survey Model Sampling - James R. Knaub, Jr. ............... 596

 

19. Effects of Changing Data Collection Mode
Chair: Alan R. Tupek, National Science Foundation

How Interview Mode Affects Data Reliability - James M. Bushery, J. Michael Brick, Jacqueline Severynse, and Richard A. McGuinness ............... 600

Comparing Certain Effects of Redesign on Data From the Survey of Income and Program Participation - Elaine C. Hock and Franklin Winters ............... 605

Experiments in General/Specific Questions: Comparing Results of Mail and Telephone Surveys - Frederick 0. Lorenz and Vein D. Ryan ............... 611

Reducing Mode Effects in "Mark All That Apply" Questions - Geraldine M. Mooney and Barbara Lepidus Carlson ............... 614

Data Validation in the CAI World - Charlene Walker, Ann Brown, and Richard Veevers ............... 620

 

20. Developing Questionnaires for Education Surveys
Organizer: Daniel Kasprzyk, National Center for Education Statistics
Chair: Theresa J. DeMaio, U.S. Bureau of the Census

Teacher Quality and Inequality - Richard M. Ingersoll ............... 626

Revising the NCES Private School Survey: A Method to Design a Systematic Classification of Private Schools in the United States - Sylvia Kay Fisher and Daniel L. Kaspryzk ............... 632

Using Qualitative Methods to Validate Quantitative Survey Instruments - John E. Mullens and Daniel Kasprzyk ............... 638

 

21. Issues in Estimation
Chair: Barry I. Graubard, National Cancer Institute

Impact of Multiyear Averaging of Data From the American Community Survey - Charles H. Alexander ............... 644

Estimation of Agricultural Commodities Using Multiyear Area Frame Survey Data - Michael E. Bellow, Charles R. Perry, Jr., and Lih-Yuan Deng ............... 650

Adjusting for a Calendar Effect in Employment Time Series - Stephanie Cano, Patricia Getz, Jurgen Kropf Stuart Scott, and George Stamas ............... 656

Forecasting Petroleum Product Prices - Theresa Hallquist, Nancy Hassett, and Paula Weir ............... 662

Discussion - Michael Lee Cohen ............... 667

 

22. Sample Attrition in Longitudinal Surveys
Chair: Ronald S. Fecso, U.S. Department of Agriculture

Program Participation and Attrition: The Empirical Evidence - Jan Tin ............... 669

Identifying Unreliable Respondents: Can Missed Interviews Proxy for Validation? - Christopher R. Bollinger, Martin H. David, and Kent Marquis ............... 675

Gross Flows Estimation From Longitudinal Administrative Data With Missing Waves - Susana Rubin Bleuer ............... 681

Ignorable Dropout in Longitudinal Studies - Maria Eleanor Tipa, Susan A. Murphy, and Diane McLaughlin ............... 687

 

23. Evaluating Nonresponse Bias in Establishment and Household Surveys
Chair: William D. Kalsbeek, University of North Carolina

An Analysis of the Advance Monthly Retail Sales Survey - Julia L. Bienias, William Davie, Jr., Howard Hogan, and Carl A. Konschnik ............... 693

Measuring the Effect of Early Reporting on Response Errors in an Economic Survey - William C. Davie, Jr. ............... 699

Federal Government Shutdown: Options for Current Population Survey (CPS) Data Collection - Shail Butani, Brian Kojetin, and Lawrence Cahoon ............... 705

Reassessing Case Disposition Status in a Large National Survey When Respondents Refuse to Report Their Names - Steven L. Botman and John Horm ............... 711

 

24. Data Quality in Education Surveys
Organizer: Daniel Kasprzyk, National Center for Education Statistics
Chair: Paul D. Planchon,
National Center for Education Statistics

An Analysis of Response Rates of SASS 1993-94 - Sameena M. Salvucci, Fan Zhang, Mingxiu Hu, David Monaco, and Kerry Gruber ............... 716

An Overview of NCES Surveys Reinterview Programs - Valerie Conley, Steven Fink, Mehrdad Saba, and Steven Kaufman ............... 722

Estimating Response Bias in an Adult Education Survey - J. Michael Brick and David Morganstein ............... 728

 

25. Census 2000: Methodological Research
Organizer: Mary H. Mulry, U.S. Bureau of the Census
Chair: Preston J. Waite, U.S. Bureau of the Census

The Effect of Questionnaire Length on Response - James B. Treat ............... 734

Evaluation of the Postal Identification of Vacant and Nonexistent Units - Somonica L. Green ............... 740

Estimation in the 1995 Census Test Service-Based Enumeration - David L. Ferraro ............... 746

Sampling Error Estimation in the 1995 Census Test for Small Areas - Thomas R. Krenzke and Alfredo Navarro ............... 752

 

26. CASIC: Where Are We? What's New?
Chair: Cynthia Z. F. Clark, U.S. Bureau of the Census

Factors in Acceptance of Computer-Assisted Interviewing Methods: A Conceptual and Historical Review - William L. Nicholls II and Edith D. de Leeuw ............... 758

Long-Term Results of Touchtone Data Entry in the Current Employment Statistics Survey Program - David O'Connell, Richard J. Rosen, and Richard L. Clayton ............... 764

TDE and Beyond: Data Collection on the World Wide Web - Louis J. Harrell, Jr., Richard L. Clayton, and George S. Werking ............... 768

A Discussion of Data Collection via the Internet - Elizabeth Sweet and Chad Russell ............... 774

Using Personal Digital Assistants to Collect Survey Data - S. M. Nusser, D. M. Thompson, and G. S. DeLozier ............... 780

 

27. Issues in Survey Design
Chair:
William C. Iwig, U.S. Department of Agriculture

Technical Development of the Proposed Statistical Metadata Standard - Gregory J. Lestina, Jr., William P. LaPlant, Jr., Daniel W. Gillman, and Martin V. Appel ............... 786

Design of the 1994-95 United States Cattle on Feed Evaluation - Willard Carl Losinger ............... 792

Empirical Likelihood Inference Under Stratified Random Sampling Using Auxiliary Information - C. X. Bob Zhong and J. N. K. Rao ............... 798

 

28. Permanent Random Number Sampling
Chair:
Tommy Wright, U.S. Bureau of the Census

Odds Ratio Sequential Poisson Sampling: A Fixed Sample Size PPS Approximation - Pedro J. Saavedra, Michael T. Errecart, and William Robb ............... 804

A Comparison of Methods for Drawing Linked School Samples Using Permanent Random Numbers - William Robb, Pedro Saavedra, and Michael Errecart ............... 809

Methods to Control Selection When Sampling From Multiple List Frames - John Amrhein, Susan Hicks, and Phil Kott ............... 815

Calibration Estimators Based on Several Separate Stratifications - Phillip S. Kott ............... 819

Replicate Variance Estimation in Stratified Sampling With Permanent Random Numbers - Susan Hinkins, Chris Moriarity, and Fritz Scheuren ............... 824

 

29. 1995 Census Test: Integrated Coverage Measurement Evaluations
Organizer:
Elizabeth A. Vacca, U.S. Bureau of the Census
Chair: David C. Whitford, U.S. Bureau of the Census

Results From the 1995 Integrated Coverage Measurement Evaluation Interview - Kirsten K. West and Richard R. Griffiths ............... 830

An Evaluation of the 1995 Test Census Integrated Coverage Measurement (1CM) Interview: Results From Behavior Coding - Nancy Bates and Cynthia Good ............... 836

Integrated Coverage Measurement Processing Evaluations - Danny R. Childers ............... 842

Comparison of CensusPlus and Dual System Estimation in the 1995 Census Test - Mary H. Mulry and Richard Griffiths ............... 848

Results of the 1995 Test of Integrated Coverage Measurement Mover Operations - Irwin Anolik and Philip Gbur ............... 854

 

Contributed Papers - Poster Session

Disclosure Review and its Implications for the 1992 Survey of Consumer Finances - Gerhard Fries, R. Louise Woodburn, and Barry Johnson ............... 859

The Weighting and Variances of Survey Data - Jai Won Choi ............... 864

Small Area Estimation With Administrative Records and Continuous Measurement - Nanak Chand and Charles H. Alexander ............... 870

Modeling of the Labour Market of Specialists in Transition - Serguei Guerassimenko ............... 876

 

Papers Present at the 51st Annual Conference of the American Association for Public Opinion Research
May 16-19, 1996
Salt Lake City, Utah

Standardizing Interviewer Behavior Based on the Results of Behavior Coding - Jaki S. Stanley ............... 877

How Interviewers' Conversational Flexibility Affects the Accuracy of Survey Data - Frederick G. Conrad and Michael F. Schober ............... 883

New Technology and Nonresponse Bias in RDD Surveys - Peter Tuckel and Harry O'Neill ............... 889

Constructing and Reconstructing Respondent Attitudes During a Telephone Survey - James Flynn ............... 895

Methodology for a Community-Based Key Informant Survey - Cynthia Veldman, Sara Zuckerbraun, and Stefani Schneiderman ............... 900

Encouraging Respondents to Use Visual Imagery to Improve Accuracy of Reporting in the American Housing Survey - Dawn R. Von Thurn and Jeffrey C. Moore ............... 906

Selecting Pretesting Tools According to a Model of Questionnaire Development, With Illustrations Concerning Patient Satisfaction With Medical Care - Hans Akkerboom and Annemick Luiten ............... 911

Measuring Customer Satisfaction: More on Corporate Surveys as Practice - Judith M. Tanur and Brigitte Jordan ............... 917

Effects of Time and Salience Factors on Reporting Performance in Diary Surveys - Monica L. Dashen ............... 923

Limited Domain Diaries of Consumer Expenditures: Results from a Pilot Test - Adriana R. Silberstein ............... 926

Estimating the Bias in Survey Reports of Religious Attendance - Stanley Presser and Linda Stinson ............... 932

Item Nonresponse in Attitude Scales: A Latent Vairable Approach - Colm 0'Muircheartaigh and Irini Moustaki ............... 938

Using Cognitive Testing in the Design of a Business Survey Questionnaire - Karen L. Goldenberg ............... 944

Uncovering Adolescent Perceptions: Experiences Conducting Cognitive Interviews With Adolescents - Andrew L. Zukerberg and Jennifer Hess ............... 950

Evaluating Subjective Health Questions: Cognitive and Methodological Investigations - Paul Beatty, Susan Schechter, and Karen Whitaker ............... 956

"Who Lives Here?": The Use of Vignettes in Household Roster Research - Eleanor R. Gerber, Tracy R. Wellens and Catherine Keeley ............... 962

An Open-End Approach to Measuring Racial and Ethnic Label Preferences of Black Americans - Judith A. Schejbal, Paul J. Lavrakas, and Tom W. Smith ............... 968

Respondent Selection in Mail Surveys of Establishments: Personalization and Organizational Roles - Carl Ramirez ............... 974

Reducing Nonresponse in Business Surveys - Young I. Chun and Kenneth W. Robertson ............... 980

Which is Better: Grid Listing or Grouped Questions Design for Data Collection in Establishment Surveys? - Laureen H. Moyer ............... 986

A Study of Infant Mortality Among Puerto Ricans - Karl R. Landis ............... 992

Designing Response Scales in an Applied Setting - Wendy Davis, Tracy R. Wellens, and Theresa J. DeMaio ............... 998

Predicting Test-Retest Reliability From Behavior Coding - Jennifer C. Hess and Eleanor Singer ............... 1004

Can Participating in a Panel Sample Introduce Bias Into Trend Estimates? - Michael P. Battaglia, Elizabeth R. Zell, and Pamela L. Y. H. Ching ............... 1010

The Impact of Interviewer Characteristics on Cocaine Use Underrreporting by Male Juvenile Arrestees - Michael Fendrich, Timothy Johnson, Joseph S. Wislar, and Chitra Shaligram ............... 1014

The Effect of Questionnaire Length on Response Rates - A Review of the Literature - Karen Bogen ............... 1020

Increasing Response Rates and Data Quality in Personal Interview Surveys Without Increasing Costs: an Application of CQI to the NHSDA - Brian Burke and Tom Virag ............... 1026

Neighborhood and Community Context Effects on Voter Turnout; A Case Study in Baltimore, MD and Bridgeport, CT - Kurt Schlichting, Peter Tuckel, and Richard Maisel ............... 1032

Initial Cooperators vs. Converted Refusers: Are There Response Behavior Differences? - Timothy Triplett, Johnny Blair, Teresa Hamilton, and Yun Chiao Kang ............... 1038

Audio-CASI: The Impact of Operational Characteristics on Data Quality - Susan M. Rogers, Heather G. Miller, Barbara H. Forsyth, Timothy K. Smith, and Charles F. Turner ............... 1042

Geographic Context, Information Sources, and the Meaning of Responses to the "Number One Problem" Item - Paul J. Lavrakas and Judith A. Schejbal ............... 1048

Exploring the Impact of Survey Introductions - Pamela Campanelli, Patrick Sturgis, and Nick Moon ............... 1054

Comparison of the Self-Response and Telephone Inquiry Methods of Opinion Research in Assessing Overall Performance and Consumer Preference for Alternative Fuel Vehicles in the U.S. Federal Fleet - Timothy C. Coburn and Margaret V. Whelan ............... 1060